A Cypherpunk's Manifesto（密码朋克宣言）

by Eric Hughes
作者：埃里克·休斯

Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn’t want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn’t want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
在电子时代，隐私对于一个开放的社会来说是必要的。隐私并不等同于保密。私人事务是一个人不希望全世界都知道的事情，但秘密事务是不希望任何人知道的事情。隐私是每个人的权力—–选择性地向这个世界展示自己。

If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
如果两个当事方有某种交往，那么每个人都有他们的互动记录。每一方都可以谈论他们对此的记录；有谁能阻止呢？可以通过制定法律来阻止，但言论自由，甚至比隐私更为重要，是开放社会的基本原则；我们不寻求喜安智任何言论。如果许多当事方在同一个论坛上一起发言，每个人都可以与其他所有人说话，并聚合有关个人和其他当事方的信息。电子通信的力量使得这种群体言论成为可能，因为我们可能希望这样，所以它不会消失。

Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.
既然我们渴望隐私，我们必须确保每个事务当事方只知道与该事务直接相关的信息。既然任何信息都可以被谈论，我们必须确保我们透露的信息尽可能少。在大多数情况下，个人身份并不重要。当我在商店购买杂志并递给店员现金时，并不需要知道我是谁。当我要求我的电子邮件提供商发送和接收邮件时，我的提供商不需要知道我在与谁交谈，我在说什么，或其他人在对我说什么；我的提供商只需要知道如何将消息发送到那里，以及我欠他们多少费用。当我的身份由事务的基本机制揭示时，我就没有隐私。我不能在这里选择性地展示自己的信息；只能始终显露自己信息。

Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.
因此，在开放的社会中，隐私需要匿名交易系统。迄今为止，现金一直是主要的匿名交易系统。匿名交易系统不是秘密交易系统。匿名系统是个人有权在有且仅有需要时才透露他们的身份；这就是隐私的本质。

Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one’s identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
在开放社会中，隐私还需要密码学。如果我说某些话，我只希望想让听到的人听到。如果我的表达的内容可以为全世界所听到，我就没有隐私。加密就是表达对隐私的渴望，而用弱密码进行加密则表明对隐私的渴望不是太大。此外，要在默认为匿名的情况下准确地表明自己的身份，就需要密码签名。

We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor’s younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
我们不能指望政府、公司或其他大型，不知名的组织出于善意而给予我们隐私。它们宣讲我们，这对他们有利，我们应该预期它们将会宣讲。试图阻止他们的言论等于与信息的现实作斗争。信息不仅希望自由，还渴望自由。信息扩张以填充可用的存储空间。信息是谣言的妹妹，更年轻、更强壮；信息的脚步更轻快，眼睛更多，知识更多，但理解较少。

We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
如果我们期望拥有隐私，就必须为之战斗。我们必须团结起来，创建允许进行匿名交易的系统。几个世纪以来，人们一直通过耳语、黑暗、信封、闭门、秘密握手和信使来捍卫自己的隐私。过去的技术不允许拥有强大的隐私防护能力，但电子技术却可以。

We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
我们这些密码朋克致力于构建匿名系统。我们正在用密码学、匿名邮件转发系统、数字签名和电子货币来捍卫我们的隐私。

Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can’t get privacy unless we all do, we’re going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don’t much care if you don’t approve of the software we write. We know that software can’t be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can’t be shut down.
密码朋克写代码。我们知道必须有人写软件来捍卫隐私，除非我们所有人都这样做，否则我们无法保证隐私，我们就要继续将软件写下去。我们发布我们的代码，以便我们的同行密码朋克可以练习和使用它。我们的代码对全球范围内所有人来说都是自由使用的。如果您不赞成我们编写的软件，我们并不太在乎。我们知道软件不能被销毁，广泛分布的系统无法关闭。

Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation’s border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
密码朋克谴责对密码学的规定，因为加密从根本上是一种私人行为。事实上，加密的行为，意味着将信息从公共领域中删除。针对密码学的法律也仅限于一个国家的内部和其暴力手段。密码学将无可避免地传播到整个地球，并伴随着它的传播，匿名交易系统的实现也成为可能。

For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one’s fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
要想广泛实现隐私，它必须成为社会契约的一部分。人们必须团结起来，为了共同的利益部署这些系统。隐私仅延伸到社会同伴的合作范围内。我们密码朋克征求您的问题和担忧，并希望我们能够与您互动，这样我们就不会欺骗自己。然而，我们不会因为有些人不同意我们的目标而改变我们的路线。

The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
密码朋克积极致力于使网络更加保护隐私安全。让我们一起昂首阔步。

Onward.

Eric Hughes [email protected]

9 March 1993